Preheat oven to 350˚F (180°C).
Hull strawberries and place them in the mixer with a bit of sugar to your taste. Set aside a few strawberries to set later in the center of each muffin. Set aside coulis for later on.
In a large bowl, cream butter with cane sugar and brown sugar with an electric mixer. Add maple syrup, eggs one by one, vanilla, and banana puree. Mix well to obtain a well-homogenized paste.
In another large bowl, mix all dry ingredients (flour, salt, ground almonds, baking soda and baking powder). Gradually add dry ingredients to moisten the paste while alternate adding milk. Add 3/4 of coulis in the mixture without stirring too much, to make a marbled dough.
Butter and flour muffin moulds. With a large spoon, add the mixture in each mould cup. Then, add a tablespoon of coulis over each uncooked muffin. Set a knife inside the uncooked dough to penetrate the coulis to make a marbled effect when the muffins will be cooked.
Cook at 350°F (180°C) for about 55 minutes. Stick a toothpick inside the muffins to verify if they're ready. If the toothpick is clean, the muffins are ready.